HEATER NOTES: Pins 4 and 5 are connected together and are one side of the 6.3 volt ac heaters. Pin 9 is the other side if the heaters. The heater wires should already be wired up on your amp. If you are building from scratch you will have to run your heater wires in a parallel twisted pair manner to each tube socket. Use green 18 gauge stranded wire for the power tubes and 20 gauge solid for the pre-amp tubes. Run the twisted pair heater wires about an inch over the top of the tube sockets and come straight down to the pins. Some amp builders like to keep the pins the same, socket to socket. For example, pin 9 on the first pre-amp tube would continue on to pin 9 of the next tube and so on down the line. The power tube heater pins are 2 and 7, and you can do the same thing when you wire them.

5. Attach each wire to a turret lug first and then to the tube socket pin last. Starting with PIN 3 of the first pre-amp tube, strip enough of the black hook up wire so that it can wrap around the base of the turret lug. If you make a half loop around a piece of tubing or something roughly the same size as the lug it is easier to form the wire around the base of the lug. Solder the wire to the turret lug with enough heat to solder the wire correctly, but not so much heat that you unsolder the components from the lugs. Then lay the wire out and run it up to the pin on the tube socket. The wires should not be over the top of the tube socket. They should go around the socket on their way to the pin they will be connected to. The heater wires going to PINS 4, 5 and 9 usually are suspended in the air above the socket and you do not want to be close to those wires. Cut the wire to the correct length. The wires should not be too long or too short. They should be as short as possible with just a little curve for flexibility. Strip the wire and solder it to the correct tube socket pin. Check the lay out diagram often to see if you are connecting everything correctly. You may want to keep the red wires, going to PINS 1 and 6, away from the black and white wires. You can suspend the red wires above the other wires or the other way around but they should not be laid next to or parallel to the black and white wires. The red plate wires contain the high voltage and may induce noise into the other wires. Solder all the pre-amp tubes first and then go on to the power tubes. (TIP: If the solder on the top of the turret lug gets sucked down into the lug, wait until the lug has cooled down and then return to the lug to add a little bit of solder around the hole in the lug where the components are inserted. Never keep adding solder to a hot lug that keeps sucking it in. First, you are probably heating up the component too much and secondly the lug may be dripping solder out the bottom. This may lead to a solder blob that could touch the metal chassis and short out the board. Solder all the wires to the tube sockets and then come back and re-solder the tops of the lugs all at once after everything has cooled down.)

POWER TUBE NOTES: The power tubes cathode, PIN 8 and PIN 1 (BLACK) are connected together and then soldered to the 1 ohm resistors on the board. The current of each power tube can now be checked across each 1 ohm resistor. Also with PIN 1 and 8 tied together you could use EL34 or 6550 power tubes if your power transformer can handle it. PIN 3, the plate, should already be connected to the output transformer. PIN 4 is the screen (red wire) and it is connected to the (1K/5W or 470 ohm/3W) screen grid resistors on the board. PIN 5 is the grid (white wire) and it is connected to a (5.6K or 1.5K) resistor that is soldered to PIN 6. PIN 6 is then connected to the junction of the 220K resistor and the .022 capacitor on the board. PINS 2 and 7 are the heaters.

6. Install the pots into the front panel. Install the jacks into the front panel. Connect the bare ground buss wire from the pots to the ground of the jacks. Connect the black ground wire from the left end of the circuit board to the bare ground buss that runs along the backs of the pots and goes to the jacks. Install the two 68K and one 1M resistors on each set of jacks. The shielded cable should be soldered to the input jacks and then go to the first tube to pins 2 and 7. Cut the cable to the correct length by routing it directly from the two 68K resistors to the tube socket. Leave just a little slack in the shielded cable. Strip the cable and connect the center wire to the junction of the two 68K resistors. Connect the shield of the cable to the ground buss on one of the jacks. Strip the tube socket end and remove the outer shield. You will only connect the center wire to the tube socket pin. Use some heat shrink to cover the outer shield on the tube socket end so it does not touch anything and cause problems. Shrink the heat shrink with the barrel of your soldering iron.

7. Connect each pot connection using the white wire. Strip one end of the white hook up wire and solder it to the pot tab and then find the location on the board where the wire will be attached. Cut the wire as short as possible leaving just a little play in the wire. Strip the end of the wire and insert it into the hole in the top of the lug. The wire will be in the hole with the component. Solder the top of the lug carefully using just enough heat. A sharp soldering iron tip is a big help when doing fine soldering like this.

8. Hook up the feedback wire. Soldered a white wire to one end of the FEEDBACK RESISTOR and solder the other end to the speaker tap you are going to use. (8 ohm in MARSHALL'S)

9. Find the black ground wire at the right end of the board and connect this wire to the chassis ground. If the amp has a center tap, connect the ground wire to the chassis where the center tap of the power transformer is connected.

10. Connect each filter cap positive end to the correct location along the power supply rail. This rail is along the front edge of the board closest to the pots. Look at the layout diagram to see where each filter cap should be connected. Wrap the wire around each turret lug and solder it. The filter cap grounds should technically be connected as close as possible to the cathode of the tube that they go to, but this is usually not possible. In FENDER style amps the filter caps are in a can on the back of the amp and you can use the stock method of filter cap grounding. In MARSHALL style amps each cap is grounded to the chassis and flows through the chassis back to the center tap.

11. If your power transformer doesn't have a heater center tap then solder a green wire from each heater wire on the first power tube (PINS 2 AND 7) and connect the two wires to the two 100 ohm resistors on the right end of the circuit board. If you are running your own heater wires, then solder the heater wires from the power transformer to the two 100 ohm resistor lugs and then connect all the heaters starting from the circuit board. The two 100 ohm resistors make an artificial ground to prevent hum.

12. Connect the bias tap from the transformer to the bias range resistor on the board. This resistor may have to be changed up or down in value to get a correct bias range.

13. Connect the high voltage wires from the power transformer to the two diodes on the board if your board has an on the board rectifier. If you have a tube rectifier, pin 8 of the rectifier tube should go to the standby switch first and then from the standby switch to the B+ point on the power rail. The MARSHALL board is set up to use a half wave rectifier like the original amps. Some MARSHALL'S and other amps use a bridge rectifier instead. If your power transformer uses a bridge rectifier we can supply you with a separate bridge that you can bolt down on the chassis, or on the board.

14. Connect the choke from the B+ to the next lug on the power rail to bridge the gap between B+ and the screens.

15. After all connections have been made and double checked, (please take the time to double check all connections). Power up the amp with no tubes in the sockets. Using a multi-meter set on DC volts, check to see if pins 1 and 6 on the pre-amp tubes have high voltage. Check pins 3 and 4 on the power tubes to see if they have high voltage. Check pins 5 on the power tubes to see if they have negative voltage. Turn the bias pot so that pin 5 has the most negative voltage that the bias circuit can produce. This is done so that the power tubes will be over biased when you first turn on the amp with the tubes inserted. You should have at least negative 50 or -50 volts available in the bias circuit. If not, the bias range resistor in the bias circuit cuts down the AC voltage coming from the power transformer and you will have to raise or lower the value to get a correct bias range. Switch your meter to AC volts and make sure you have roughly 6.3 volts of heater voltage across the tube sockets. If all the voltages look correct, turn off the amplifier.

16. Insert all tubes into their sockets. Power up the amp and let it warm up for 30 seconds. Connect your multi meter across one of the 1 ohm power tube cathode resistors. (positive closest to the tubes, negative closest to the front of the amp.) Set your meter on DC milivolts. You are going to watch the power tube current as you turn on the standby switch. Be prepared to quickly turn the standby switch off if the current is too high on the power tubes. Turn on the standby switch and watch the meter. If the current is below 50 milliamps (milivolts converts directly to milliamps) then you can bias the amp to where ever you are going to bias it. Between 30 and 40 milliamps is good. If the current rushes up to above 50 milliamps you may not have enough bias voltage and the bias range resistor in the bias circuit may have to be lowered in value.